Behnam Medi
Abstract
How the government is formed is one of the important themes about the phenomenon of government. Yet more important is the issue of the dissolution of government. This paper studies the dissolution of government from the viewpoint of John Locke as one of the greatest political philosophers ...
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How the government is formed is one of the important themes about the phenomenon of government. Yet more important is the issue of the dissolution of government. This paper studies the dissolution of government from the viewpoint of John Locke as one of the greatest political philosophers in the modern world. The main research questions are, what are the foundations in Locke’s political theology that can explain the dissolution of government? and what conditions should be met in order to concede the possibility of the dissolution of government or confer on citizens the right to it? Locke believes that in the state of nature, human beings have rights as well as the ability to govern themselves. Human beings enter the political society with some rights, the most important of which is the right to judge the performance of rulers. Moreover, they have the right to dismiss or even penalize rulers whenever they do not fulfil their obligations, and if rulers go against the popular will, people can resort to force and revolution. For Locke, revolution is not the worst thing in politics but in the despotic politics. In Locke’s viewpoint, revolution is necessary to ensure rulers’ adherence to their obligations. More importantly, revolution is both the foundation of freedom and the greatest manifestation of humans’ self-government.
Behnam Medi; Mohsen Borhani
Abstract
In the present research, we tried to study the first axis of Michel Foucault’s thought that is knowledge on the basis of the two areas of discursive and non-discursive practices as the components of knowledge, their relation, the manner of their articulation and at last the birth of sense. This ...
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In the present research, we tried to study the first axis of Michel Foucault’s thought that is knowledge on the basis of the two areas of discursive and non-discursive practices as the components of knowledge, their relation, the manner of their articulation and at last the birth of sense. This research tries to show that how the articulation of the two essentially heterogeneous areas forms knowledge and makes it paradoxical and creates a gap that cannot be filled. On this basis, sense as the way of appearing of bodies is the result of this articulation. This articulation does not require any commonality or conformity between the two areas but what Foucault calls “strategic coincidence”. Therefore knowledge is formed and sense is born only in the case that the two areas realize a particular power relation or a power relation is realized in them. But in this regards we shouldn’t ignore the role of state. State as the final form of power relations as what Foucault calls stratification has huge influences on the forming of knowledge and the birth of sense. From the angle of Iran’s society Foucault’s methodology can help us Iranians as those who are still involved with the problem of tradition and modernity analyze our situation and show that on the basis of which logic some parts of tradition’s discursivities are still kept and articulated of the bodies and some other parts are ignored, paid no attention or denied.
